TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Synthetic Analog) — Actin-Regulatory Tissue Repair Research Peptide | Klene Peptides
For Research Use Only | Not for Human or Veterinary Administration
TB-500 is the synthetic research form of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino acid peptide expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues and originally isolated from thymic extracts. As the primary G-actin sequestering protein in eukaryotic cells, thymosin beta-4 plays a central role in cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration, tissue repair, angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory regulation, cardiac protection, and neurological recovery. The scope of active TB-500 research encompasses post-myocardial repair, skeletal muscle regeneration, wound healing acceleration, corneal recovery, and CNS injury — making it one of the most mechanistically versatile peptides under current investigation. Klene Peptides provides USA research institutions with TB-500 of verified analytical purity and same-day shipping.
Every vial from Klene Peptides includes:
- ≥99%+ purity — verified by HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)
- HPLC-MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry)
- Same-day shipping for all USA orders
Chemical Identity & Structural Profile
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Thymosin Beta-4 (synthetic) / TB-500 |
| Sequence Length | 43 amino acids |
| N-terminal Modification | Acetylation (Ac-Ser) |
| Key Functional Motif | LKKTET (actin-binding domain, residues 17–22) |
| Molecular Weight | ~4,963 Da |
| CAS Number | 77591-33-4 |
| Isoelectric Point | ~5.5 |
| Appearance | White lyophilized powder |
| Solubility | Water, PBS, 0.9% saline |
| Storage | Lyophilized: −20°C; Reconstituted: 4°C, use within 28 days |
TB-500 is identical in amino acid sequence to endogenous thymosin beta-4, which is among the most abundant intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. Its core biological activity derives from the LKKTET motif — a hexapeptide that directly binds monomeric G-actin and regulates actin polymerization dynamics central to cytoskeletal remodeling, cell migration, and wound contraction.
Mechanism of Action
TB-500 operates through multiple converging biological mechanisms driven by actin dynamics regulation and pleiotropic downstream signaling:
Primary Molecular Mechanisms
| Mechanism | Target | Research Implication |
|---|---|---|
| G-actin sequestration | LKKTET motif directly binds G-actin | Cytoskeletal remodeling, cell migration facilitation |
| VEGF upregulation | Paracrine angiogenic signaling | Vascular density and wound perfusion studies |
| ANG-1 (Angiopoietin-1) induction | Vessel stabilization and maturation | Angiogenic quality and pericyte recruitment |
| eNOS activation | Nitric oxide production | Vascular perfusion and endothelial cell studies |
| FoxO3a modulation | Anti-apoptotic survival signaling | Cardiomyocyte and neuron protection models |
| ILK (Integrin-Linked Kinase) | Akt → NF-κB anti-apoptotic cascade | Cardiac and CNS cytoprotection research |
Anti-Inflammatory Activity
| Pathway | Effect |
|---|---|
| Pro-inflammatory mediator downregulation | Reduced TNF-α, IL-1β expression in injury models |
| Macrophage phenotype modulation | M1 → M2 polarization toward pro-healing phenotype |
| Complement pathway modulation | Attenuated inflammatory complement activation |
Pharmacokinetic & ADME Profile
| Parameter | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | ~4,963 Da | Larger peptide; SC delivery preferred |
| Bioavailability (SC) | >80% (estimated, rodent pharmacokinetics) | High subcutaneous absorption |
| Routes (Research) | SC, IP | Systemic distribution demonstrated |
| Plasma Half-Life | ~30 minutes – 2 hours | Tissue accumulation extends biological effect |
| Volume of Distribution | Broad | Cardiac, hepatic, CNS, and skeletal muscle distribution confirmed |
| Primary Metabolism | Proteolytic (serum and tissue enzymes) | Ac-SDKP is a biologically active metabolite |
| Excretion | Renal | Metabolite fragment clearance |
Key metabolite: The N-terminal tetrapeptide Ac-SDKP (N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro) is a biologically active metabolite generated by prolyl oligopeptidase cleavage of TB-500/Tβ4. Ac-SDKP demonstrates independent anti-fibrotic and angiogenic activity and is distinguished from parent compound effects in several research protocols.
Research Applications
Cardiac Repair & Cardioprotection
TB-500/Tβ4 has produced some of its most compelling results in cardiac research contexts:
| Model | Observed Outcome |
|---|---|
| Post-MI rodent models | Cardiomyocyte survival; reduced infarct size |
| Cardiac progenitor cell activation | Epicardial progenitor cell migration and differentiation |
| Vascular density post-ischemia | Increased coronary arteriole density |
| Left ventricular function | Improved ejection fraction and wall motion parameters |
Dosing ranges derived from PMC-indexed peer-reviewed preclinical literature.
Wound Healing & Skin Repair
| Research Area | Mechanism | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Full-thickness wounds | Keratinocyte migration, VEGF-driven angiogenesis | Accelerated closure across multiple wound models |
| Corneal epithelial injury | Cell migration facilitation, anti-inflammatory | Faster re-epithelialization |
| Diabetic wound models | VEGF, eNOS, ANG-1 upregulation in impaired healing | Improved outcomes in metabolically compromised contexts |
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
- Satellite cell activation and myogenic differentiation
- Reduced fibrotic collagen deposition after mechanical injury
- Pro-regenerative anti-inflammatory milieu
- Angiogenic vascularization of regenerating muscle tissue
Neurological & CNS Research
| Context | Investigated Parameter |
|---|---|
| Traumatic brain injury | Axonal sprouting, neuroinflammation reduction |
| Spinal cord injury | Motor function preservation |
| Stroke models | Oligodendrogenesis and remyelination signals |
| Neuroinflammatory models | Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling |
Research Dosing Reference
For scientific reference only — not prescriptive recommendations
| Research Model | Reported Dose Range | Route | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac repair (rodent) | 150–300 mcg per animal | SC, IP | 2–4 weeks |
| Wound healing models | 25–200 mcg/kg | SC, topical | 7–14 days |
| Muscle regeneration | 50–150 mcg/kg | SC, IP | 1–3 weeks |
| Neurological models | 6–25 mg/kg | IP | Acute/subacute protocol |
| In vitro assays | 10–500 ng/mL | Cell culture | Per experiment |
Ranges derived from PMC/NIH-indexed peer-reviewed literature.
Reconstitution Reference
| Lyophilized Amount | Bacteriostatic Water | Concentration |
|---|---|---|
| 5 mg | 2.5 mL | 2.0 mg/mL |
| 10 mg | 5.0 mL | 2.0 mg/mL |
Klene Peptides Quality Standards
Certificate of Analysis — Standard Parameters
Every batch supplied by Klene Peptides is verified against the following analytical benchmarks:
| Test | Specification | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | ≥99% | HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) |
| Molecular Identification | Confirmed | HPLC-MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry) |
| Water Content | <1.5% | — |
What Every Klene Peptides Order Includes
- Lot-specific Certificate of Analysis traceable to synthesis batch
- Verified cold-chain shipping — all orders dispatched with appropriate cold-pack packaging
- Same-day fulfillment — orders placed before cutoff ship the same business day
Ordering TB-500 for Your Research Program
Important Research Compliance Notice
All products sold by Klene Peptides are strictly for in vitro research and laboratory investigation purposes only. TB-500 supplied by KlenePeptides.net has not been evaluated by the FDA for human safety or efficacy. It is not approved for human or veterinary administration. Purchase, possession, and use must comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. This content is intended for licensed researchers and qualified scientific personnel only.
Scientific References
- Bock-Marquette I, et al. "Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair." Nature. 2004;432(7016):466-472.
- Smart N, et al. "Thymosin beta4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization." Nature. 2007;445(7124):177-182.
- Goldstein AL, et al. "Thymosin beta-4 is a multifunctional regenerative peptide." Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1270:93-99.
- Sosne G, et al. "Thymosin beta 4 promotes corneal wound healing and decreases inflammation." Cornea. 2001;20(4):409-13.
- Chopp M, et al. "Thymosin beta4 and cardiac and CNS repair." Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1269:6-14.
- Huff T, et al. "Thymosin beta-4 is released from human blood platelets." FASEB J. 2004.
- PubChem. Thymosin beta-4. CID: 16217. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov